The study found that the single-dose mpox vaccine reduced the risk of mpox infection by approximately two-thirds when self-reported risk factors were included in the analysis, and by one-third when relying solely on administrative indicators. The vaccine also showed a higher effectiveness against severe outcomes, with a vaccine effectiveness of 82%.
The study found that 19.7% of participants had received mpox vaccination, and independent risk factors for mpox diagnosis included HIV-PrEP use and having multiple sexual partners. The findings support the refinement of vaccination eligibility criteria to better target at-risk populations.
The study found that the MVA-BN vaccine reduced the risk of MPXV infection by 65% starting 7 days after vaccination and by 79% starting 14 days after vaccination in a high-risk population.
The study found that tecovirimat was effective in treating most patients, with a low frequency of resistant viruses (< 1%) among those treated, indicating that while resistance can develop, it remains relatively rare.
The FD formulation demonstrated non-inferiority in immunogenicity compared to the LF formulation, with higher geometric means of total antibody titers and T cell responses at specified weeks post-vaccination. Both formulations achieved strong immune responses.
Early administration of tecovirimat was associated with a reduction in the duration of viral shedding, with a median of 19.5 days until PCR testing no longer detected the mpox virus. The mortality rates were 0% at both 14 and 30 days post-treatment.
High levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected in individuals with a history of smallpox vaccination, indicating potential cross-protection and enhanced immune response against mpox virus.
A significant majority of participants (84.07%) expressed willingness to be vaccinated against monkeypox, indicating a high level of acceptance of vaccination among the target population.
High vaccination uptake in 2022 provided good coverage for those at higher risk, with an estimated vaccine effectiveness of 84% for one dose. None of the vaccinated cases in 2023 were hospitalized despite ongoing cases.
The positive outcomes include a reduction in the incidence of mpox symptoms and severity of disease among vaccinated individuals compared to those who are not vaccinated post-exposure.
Among the 276 vaccinated individuals, 12 (4%) experienced confirmed Monkeypox breakthrough infections, with most infections occurring within five days post-vaccination, indicating that while the vaccine did not completely prevent infections, it was effective in reducing the severity of the disease.
Vaccination of individuals at highest risk significantly reduces the size of the monkeypox epidemic compared to post-exposure vaccination of sexual partners.
Vaccination alone averted 64% of mpox cases, while behavior change averted 21%. Together, they averted 80% of cases, indicating a significant impact on controlling the outbreak.
The study found that 69% of eligible GBMSM received at least one dose of the mpox vaccine, with a higher uptake of 92% among those who were offered the vaccine. Additionally, 53% of participants reported modifying their behavior to avoid mpox.
The study found that 81.5% of respondents were willing to accept vaccination, with higher acceptance among those eligible for vaccination (85.2%). Positive beliefs about the vaccine's effectiveness and perceived social norms regarding vaccination contributed to this willingness.
The combined interventions averted 46%-58% of mpox cases, with early vaccination having the largest impact, preventing 21%-39% of infections depending on city-specific factors.
The EAP aims to provide access to a potentially life-saving treatment for monkeypox, collect data on clinical and virological outcomes, and contribute to the academic literature regarding tecovirimat's efficacy in treating monkeypox.
The MVA-BN vaccine demonstrated effectiveness against symptomatic mpox infection, with adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates ranging from 35% to 90% depending on the vaccination schedule (one or two doses). It also reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization and the severity of clinical manifestations in some studies.
The use of the smallpox vaccine has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of monkeypox infections, with studies indicating an effectiveness of at least 85% in preventing the disease.
The study found that participants with previous COVID-19 infections were more likely to accept the monkeypox vaccine. Those who perceived monkeypox as dangerous showed higher concern and willingness to adopt preventive measures. Overall, the study highlighted a significant gap in knowledge about monkeypox among the Arabic population, indicating a need for better education and awareness.
Both single and two-dose MVA-BN vaccinations resulted in durable B cell memory responses, with significant increases in neutralizing antibody levels observed after vaccination and booster doses.
Vaccination is expected to reduce the transmission of monkeypox among MSM populations, particularly those with high sexual activity, thereby controlling potential outbreaks.
High vaccination uptake reported among eligible GBMSM, with completion rates for vaccination courses ranging from 75% to 89%.
The MPXV-F3L and MPXV-G2R assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detecting MPXV DNA in various specimen types, outperforming the pan-orthopoxvirus assay OPXV-E9L. The assays are clinically validated and can detect MPXV in alternative specimen types, enhancing diagnostic capabilities.
Positive outcomes from the treatment include reduced severity of monkeypox symptoms, lower rates of complications, and improved recovery times. Vaccination as post-exposure prophylaxis has been shown to be effective in preventing the disease in exposed individuals.
High overall intentions among MSM to reduce sexual partners and activities, indicating a potential for effective public health measures.
The findings suggest that outbreaks can be effectively controlled through timely isolation of cases and vaccination of close contacts, particularly during mass gatherings. The study indicates that compliance with public health measures and community awareness are crucial for containment.
Increased awareness and advocacy for Monkeypox vaccination among healthcare workers, with a significant portion expressing the need for more information about the disease.
The review highlights the identification of clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes from 17 studies involving 17,811 monkeypox cases, indicating a need for effective management strategies.